Dr. Fujio Masuoka Biography - The inventor of flash

Dr. Fujio Masuoka

Fujio Masuoka was born on May 8, 1943 in Takasaki City, Gunma, Japan, he is the inventor of flash memory. When he was 10 years old, his mother encouraged him to study mathematics and hire a private teacher. By the time he was 12 years old, Masuoka managed to master mathematics. In high school, Masuoka concentrated on the theory, believes that advances in electronic technology or achieved only through theoretical work. As a result of his studies, Masuoka also developed a deep understanding of economics and law. He holds a Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and PhD in electrical engineering from Tohoku University respectively in 1966, 1968 and 1971. Soon after graduating, Masuoka joined the Toshiba Research and Development Center in April 1971.

Runs for three months in his new job, the boss Masuoka, Dr. Yoshiyuki Takeishi, showing a memory electrically Ultraviolet Erasable Programmable Intel Masuoka (UV EEPROM), which was announced several months earlier. Intel technology Masuoka then studied in two months and find a new structure, a memory type MOS read-only memory which is known by the name Samos is the first patent in 1972 Masuoka.

Between 1972 and 1984, Masuoka made another significant breakthrough memory, dynamic memory cell pair with a double poly-silicon structure. In 1977, he moved to Toshiba's semiconductor division, where he developed a 1 Mbit DRAM memory.


Masuoka and then transferred to Toshiba memory engineered products division in 1980 to begin his work on the development of flash memory. He then shifted to the memory design engineering division of Toshiba in 1984, where he perfected and patented NOR flash memory. He presented his findings at the International Electron Device Meeting (IEDM) in San Francisco. A year later, he progressed to 256 Kbit flash memory. In April 1987, Masuoka returned to Toshiba Research and Development Center, where he began work to develop more advanced NAND-type flash memory flash disk embryo. Although groundbreaking, flash is not ready for commercialization.

To create and produce pre-fabricated commercial 4 Mbit flash memory chip, Masuoka takes to develop high-tech

projected for a variety of circuit patterns on each layer of the microprocessor. But the estimated cost to make the technology is 10 million yen, which Toshiba initially reluctant to invest. Masuoka assure Toshiba's consumer electronics research executives that the 4 Mbit flash memory chip can be used for consumer digital cameras into the flash memory that serves as a "digital film." With funding from the consumer electronics division, Masuoka continued to develop and present the flash 4 Mbit NAND-type flash memory on Solid-State Circuits Conference International (ISSCC) in New York City in 1989.


In 1994, Masuoka joined Tohoku University where he was a professor for 13 years before being appointed as Professor of the University Research Institute of Electrical Communication. For his pioneering work on flash memory, Masuoka has received numerous honors and awards in Japan including the Japan Prize from the Prime Minister Watanabe in 1977 and National Award discovery in 1980. In 2007, Masuoka was awarded the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor Akihito.

Flash is not only growing in size alone, but form and function is also changing. There is a flash drive that uses a rotary design, so we do not have to worry about losing the lid. There are also rubber coated flash drive to hold water or comes with a carabineer clip so easy to hang. Has even made flash drives shaped model of a credit card. His name is wallet-friendly USB. It measures only 86 x 54 x 1.9 mm. Thus, it can be stored safely in your wallet.

For safety concerns have limited the current flash drive to protect data that is so not accessible by non-owners. The workings are in use today include using full disk encryption or physical authentication tokens. New system was introduced in 2005, is a biometric fingerprinting. However, these security methods are very expensive because it uses high technology in fact the use of flash drives have been developed for various things. For example in an article described the steps to setting the flash drive to boot Windows XP. The main requirement is the motherboard and the BIOS of the computer we can support booting from flash drive management. Some applications can also be run from a flash drive without having to install it first to your computer.

Biography of Samuel Morse

Samuel Morse

Samuel Finley Breese Morse (born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA, 27 April 1791 - died in New York City, New York, USA, 2 April 1872 at age 80 years) was an inventor from the United States. Morse is also a painter, but he is more famous for inventing the electric telegraph. Together with his assistant Alexander Bain alphabet he created specifically for use in the telegraph, the so-called Morse code.


He was inspired to create an electric telegraphy when he saw a passenger on the ship he was traveling exhibit of the electromagnet. Morse produced the first electric telegraph was useful in 1835. In 1843 he obtained a U.S. $ 30,000 from Congress for the experimental line from Washington, DC to Baltimore and on May 24, 1844 he sent the first message through telegraphy America, from Washington to Baltimore, with the Morse code: "What hath God wrought", the words in that message is, "What has God written?"


Morse lived to old age. He had witnessed the telegraph lines were installed throughout the world including submarine cables. On the anniversary of eighty. A statue of him was unveiled in Central Park, New York in recognition of his services. A year after he died.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz Biography

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born in Hamburg Germany from Gustav Ferdinand Hertz and spouse Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. He is the inventor of a physicist Hertz frequency. His father was a lawyer in Hamburg. While his mother was the daughter of an army doctor. While continuing his education at the University of Hamburg, he showed his intelligence in science as well as in language skills when learning Arabic and Sanskrit. He studied in Dresden, Munich and Berlin by two of his mentor, Gustav R. Kirchhoff and Hermann von Helmholtz.

He got a PhD in 1880 and became a disciple of Helmholtz samapai 1883. In 1885 he became professor at the University of Karlsruhe when researching an electromagnetic wave. Hertz became very interested in meeting with metorologi because Wilhelm von Bezold is a college professor when, following the practice of Hertz in Munich polytechnic. Even so, Hertz did not contribute much to the field except at the beginning masamasa when he became an assistant at Helmholtz in Berlin. Including studies of the evaporation of the liquid, the newest type of hygrometer, and an explanation of the charts with the state of adiabatic air.

At 1881-1882, Hertz published two articles, also known as the field of expert contacts. Hertz is known for his contributions in the field of dynamic electricity. Many papers that refer to the two articles as a source for some ideas. However, the Boussinesq magazine put out some criticism on the work of Hertz.

Around the 19th century, Maxwell expressed his equation which is quite surprising the world of Physics. One of them declared an electromagnetic wave. However, when it has not been proven. Karna, the Heinrich Hertz tried to prove the existence of electromagnetic waves.

In theory, electromagnetic waves Hertz realized that Maxwell stated a combination of electric waves and magnetic waves are mutually perpendicular. Similarly, the direction of motion. Because the wave mengantung electric waves, Hertz tried to prove the existence of electromagnetic waves through the existence of electrical waves radiated by the transmitter circuit.

Hertz tried to create with the help of a simple transmitter circuit to amplify the voltage transformer and capacitor as a container for cargo. Since there


current shift in the gap transmitter, there is expected to be radiation emitted electromagnetic waves. Because in theory, from the sparks that appear to be generated electromagnetic waves. As a result, the receiver circuit is just a loop-shaped wire loop that is given without any voltage source, it appears an electric spark in her gaps. This proves there is electricity flowing through a radiation benda.yang terhantarkan to the loop end.

Because it was not satisfied, Hertz tried to calculate the frequency of the loop. It turned out that the generated frequency equal to the frequency of the transmitter. This means that electricity comes from a transmitter on the loop itself. Is evident by the Maxwell electromagnetic wave radiation. Hertz experiment is also triggered the discovery of a wireless telegraph and radio by Marconi. This series is in the quartz glass to avoid UV rays.

In 1886, Hertz was able to prove the concept that very paradox that time, the Maxwell equations of electromagnetic waves. Even so, Einstein would later use these results to refute some of the concepts in classical physics of electromagnetic waves.

After that hertz continue his research. Until finally in 1887 Hertz experiment further proof of the results of electromagnetic waves. Until he finally got a pretty interesting fact accidental. Namely that the electric charge will be reduced if there are ultraviolet Sunar who fell between the two electrodes. That is the reason why Hertz using a quartz tube to prove Maxwell. At that time, Hertz did not pay attention to exactly what happened there. So there is no comprehensive research results and clear about the effect.

Hertz is the person who made a large contribution on the discovery of electromagnetic waves and the photoelectric effect. Though not intentionally, all kinds of proof has changed our world becomes more practical. Although eventually only a few know that the photoelectric effect was first discovered by Hertz. to appreciate the services of Heinrich Rudolf Hertz for his contribution in the field of electromagnetism named later immortalized as the unit of wave frequency (Hertz). Hertz (symbol: Hz) is the SI unit for frequency. Hertz stated the number of waves in one second (1 Hertz = 1 wave per second). This unit can be used to measure any periodic waveform. Example: The frequency of motion of a pendulum wall clock is 1 Hz.

Biography of Ken Kutaragi, Creator of the PlayStation

Ken Kutaragi, is a businessman and inventor of the play station game machine from Japan who is very famous in the world. Born in Tokyo August 8, 1950 from families who are economically mediocre, but he has the passion, perseverance, innovation and extraordinary creativity. His family lived with managing a printing business in Tokyo. At school age, Kutaragi is known as thin-brained student he rajinyang diligent and intelligent student, almost every test always get the value 100.

Kutaragi also known as a child who likes tinkering with things mechanical, he often opened his own toy and see how the toy works. From the nature of curiosity, finally brought an interest in electronics into adulthood, with the same reason he studied and graduated from Denki Tsushin University majoring in electronics. After earning his electronics engineer, he later worked at the giant company SONY Akio Morita founded. In the company name skyrocketed as an exceptional problem solver. Every job in embannya can be completed successfully, including digital cameras penembangan projects and LCD monitors.

Interest in developing the game (game) based electronics began in the late 1980s when his daughter play games through the Famicom. The idea to develop a video game business began to emerge. The idea was later on revealed to the Principals SONY, but not getting a response. The idea was later realized Nintendo's games companies. Clandestinely Kutaragi created a chip SPC 700 for video games for Nintendo's company. Job management Kutaragi Sony finally known that he was almost expelled from Sony. But a Sony CEO Norio Ohga named Kutaragi, so struggled to save survivors of the dismissal, he even asked to continue to develop their projects.

Upon completion of the project for Nintendo, Sony's Kutaragi submitted an application to fund research for making the Super NES CD (Application technology for Play Station). Also be granted his request for help and Norio Ohga struggle as one of Sony's top brass, so at the end of 1990 officially launched the Sony Play Station.