Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (Soignies, 13 June 1870-6 April 1961) is an expert in immunology and microbiology from Belgium, the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1919. After high school in the "Athenee de Bruxelles", he followed the Faculty of Medicine, dii "Universite Libre de Bruxelles", where he graduated as MD in 1892, at the same time as his brother Charles. During the study they spent in the laboratory of Paul Heger and Leo Errera. His work on the development of bacteria in the medium was balanced synthesis, leading to a university lab to get recognition from the Belgian government.
This allowed him to be a member of the Institut Pasteur in Paris in 1894. In the meantime, during 1893, he was a member of the association of doctors in the "Roger de Grimberghe Martitiem Hospitaal" in Middelkerke (Belgium). Institut Pasteur in Paris, he worked in the laboratory of Elie Metchnikoff, who have discovered the mechanism of phagocytes, through which white blood cells to eliminate infectious microorganisms to enter and kill the attacker. With this foundation laid Metchnikoff immune cells. Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers study of all aspects of the immune system (immune) in all organisms. Immunology, among others, studied the physiological role of immunity system in both healthy and sick, malfunction of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivity, immune deficiency, allograft rejection), physical characteristics, chemical, and physiological components of the immune system in vitro, in situ and in vivo. Immunology has various applications in different disciplines and therefore broken down into several sub-disciplines. Microbiology is a branch of biology that studies microorganisms. Studies are usually the object of all beings (living) that need to be seen with a microscope, especially bacteria, fungi, microscopic algae, protozoa, and Archaea. Viruses are also included even though not fully be regarded as living beings. Microbiology and starts since the invention of the microscope to be a very important field in biology after Louis Pasteur can explain the process of wine fermentation (wine) and make rabies serum.
The rapid development of biology in the 19th century, especially experienced in this field and provide a foundation for the opening of other important areas: biochemistry. The application of microbiology at the present entrance areas and can not be separated from other branches as required also in the field of pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, nutrition science, chemical engineering, astrobiology and even archeology. Bordet discovered the basis of humoral immunity, the organism's defense based on the substance in the serum, is present in a natural way or are obtained in response to the opening of the bacteria or foreign bodies in the organism. When Bordet started working in the Reference Biography: laboratory Metchnikoff, Pfeiffer, the German scientist, had just been discovered that the serum of cholera which has dicacar in guinea pigs are able to kill the cholera vibrio when administered intraperitoneally in guinea pigs infected nonvaksinasi. However, when the experiment was carried out animal (in a test tube), Bordet see that the serum of vaccinated guinea pigs did not eradicate the bacteria, but the clot into the formation of small grains.
Using this information, Bordet showed in 1899 through a small example but a study concluded that the animal organism to react to the introduction of bacteria, cells or foreign material to form a molecule. The molecules, called antibodies are able to make specific binding on a foreign object and make it sensitive to other molecules (called aleksin by Bordet, called complementary now, these molecules are already present in normal serum). Compliment the change could destroy the foreign object.
Microbes, cells, or chemical compounds that make antibodies that develop in so-called antigen. Humoral immunity until then, based on the ability of living organisms to form specific antibodies to foreign antigens. Specific antibodies that bind antigen and make it sensitive to complement, which in the complex changes in antibody binding antigen (complement fixation reaction). The discovery of the characteristics of humoral immunity fundamentakl to prove a clear interest in medicine. When the patient's serum demonstrated for the suspension of pathogens are known, one can reveal the presence of specific antibodies in serum in germs. This proves the existence of an infection caused by germs that patient. Complement fixation reactions also allow diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Complement only decide specific antibody complex germs. In that time, when serum from the patient's (shown in bacteria) forms a complex that is able to determine the complement, this serum contains antibodies specific to the same germs, indicating the presence of real or only in germ in the last patients. Concise description of the Jules Bordet this fundamental contribution to the discovery and study of humoral immunity do not spend donations. He worked on a different topic. In 1901, despite the insistence of the invitation of the Institut Pasteur in Paris, he was a nice response to the Government of the Province of Brabant to establish and manage the Institute of Bacteriology in Brussels, which will be really soon, with the rights of widows Pasteurmelahirkan name "Pasteur Institute of Brabant". In 1907 "Universite Libre de Bruxelles" bestowed on him by kegurubesaran bacteriology at medical school, where he taught until 1937. In 1919, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine confirms the good name of the immunity. In 1940, Jules Bordet Institute Pasteur quit as director of Brabant and his son Paul Bordet place. Jules Bordet however did not stop working at the Institute where he was superior. For several years he remained interested in the Institute, and more particularly on the research conducted. Also at the time of his death in 1961 he was in his regret: but the soul remains embedded scientific and move to a new generation of scientists to continue the work at the beginning of this century.
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