Henry Cole-Leader Graphic Design

Henry Cole

Graphic Design Leader Henry Cole.
Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808-18 April 1882) was a civil servant who helps the implementation of various innovations in trade and education in the United Kingdom in the 19th century. Henry Cole began his career when he was aged 15 years working in the Office of Public Records. While serving assistant archivist, he was known as the man who did the update within the organization and promote preservation techniques at the National Archives of the United Kingdom. From years 1837 to 1840, Cole worked as an assistant to Rowland Hill, and helped design the Penny Post system (mailing costs 1 penny).

His name is sometimes referred to as designer Penny Black which is the world's first postage stamp. In 1843, Cole designed the first Christmas cards in the world. Illustration of the card is done named John Callcott Horsley artist.


Industrial design is a personal interest in Cole. By using the pseudonym Felix summerly, the design is embodied in a number of products, including Minton teapot award-winning production. In addition, Henry Cole wrote a children's book series under the pen name Felix summerly, among them a book of stories from The home treasury, A hand-book for the architecture, sculpture, tombs, and decorations of Westminster Abbey (1859), and The most delectable history of Reynard the Fox (illustrated with twenty-four colored pictures by Aldert van Everdingen) (1846). As a member of the Institute for Promotion of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, Cole lobbied the government to support its efforts to promote industrial design standards.


Thanks to the support of Prince Albert, a royal charter issued to the Royal Institute for the Promotion of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (Royal Society of Arts, abbreviated as RSA). With Prince Albert as a patron, in 1847 Cole Manufacturing Exhibition of Art organized the first, and continues to exhibit greater in the next two years (1848 and 1849). In 1849, Cole visited the Paris Exhibition Quinquennial to-11 in Paris. and see at least the participants from abroad. In his opinion, Manufacturing Art Exhibition held in the UK RSA can be expanded into an international exhibition. Scientists figure Inventor - Henry Cole Graphic Design Leaders - Leaders Scientists Inventors Thanks to the support of Queen Victoria, Cole in 1850 founded the Empire Exhibition of 1851, the Committee is the organizer of the new Art Exhibition Manufacturing, with Prince Albert as chairman. Thanks to the efforts Cole, the committee to host the Great Exhibition of Works of Industry of All Nations May 1 through October 15, 1851 at the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park, London. This international exhibition visited by many people and financially rewarding. As a member of the committee, Cole was instrumental in channeling the sum of £ 186,000 as a result of the World Exhibition advantage.


The money is donated to a project to increase arts and science education in the United Kingdom. Purchased a parcel of land in the area of ​​South Kensington was built as a center for a number of educational and cultural institutions. The region has earned the nickname "Albertopolis". Henry Cole was appointed as Chairman of the Applied Arts Department inspectors who founded the government for the improvement of standards of design and art education in Britain. As the official overseer, Cole was instrumental in the development of the Albert and Victoria Museum which was originally founded as the Museum of Ornamental Art in Marlborough House. Cole set to move the museum's current location, as well as the first director (1857-1873) for the museum that was originally called the South Kensington Museum. Residence is located directly opposite the museum, at 33 Thurloe Square is now marked with a blue plaque. Cole was instrumental in building the Kingdom of the Academy of Art graduate school design field. In addition, he also co-founded various institutions in South Kensington, such as the Royal Academy of Music and Royal Academy of London. Department of Mathematics Royal Academy even occupy the building formerly called The Sir Henry Cole (Sir Henry Cole Wing) before the building was donated to the Victoria & Albert Museum.


Awards he received as a successful organizer of the World Exposition is the Order of the Bath (CB) and a knighthood from Queen Victoria in 1875. The media often refer to Cole's "Old King", because it is known as the man who is supported personally by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in particular that always pointed to Cole as the leader of the personal projects like blazes.

Hans Christian Andersen

Hans Christian Andersen (born in Odense, Denmark, the south, 2 April 1805 - died in Rolighed near Copenhagen, Denmark, August 4, 1875 at age 70 years) was a Danish author and poet most famous nationals thanks to the work of tale.

The life of his childhood

Andersen was born in the slums of the city of Odense, Denmark, the south, on 2 April 1805. His father, Hans Andersen was a shoemaker and a poor illiterate who felt he was still the royal line. While his mother Anne Marie Andersdatter, worked as a laundry worker.
Although large in poor neighborhoods, since little is known Hans Christian Andersen fairy tales. He is also familiar with theatrical performances. Although not familiar with school and superstitious, the mother who makes HC Andersen chert-acquainted with the story of the People.
Later, H.C. Andersen had described the figure of the mother in a variety of novel, example of story called Hun Duede ikke. Dear mother recently caught up being a heavy drinker before his death in 1833 at a nursing home.
His father was a lover of literature. He had often asked Hans to watch theatrical performances. In his autobiography, The True Story of My Life, published in 1846, HC Andersen writes, "I satisfy all thirst. He seemed to live only for me. Every Sunday he made the drawings and chert-read fairy tales. Only at times like this I have seen him so jolly, because he never really happy in life as a craftsman shoes ". In 1816 Andersen H.C father died.
Attitudes and experiences of parents that membuah HC Andersen interested in world toys, stories, plays, including works of William Shakespeare.


Tough times

After his father died. H.C. Andersen, who recently received his formal education ended up working odd jobs in between having worked in a cigarette factory, an apprentice at a tailor and worked as a weaver. He was forced to wage labor to make ends meet.
In 1819, he moved to the Danish capital, Copenhagen. There he hopes to become an actor, singer or dancer. Three years in the city, he lived a difficult life.
Initially, Andersen had managed to join the Royal Theater. But when his voice changed due to the onset of puberty, he was forced to leave the theater. Andersen then left the role as actor and singer. He felt more appropriate as a poet dittunjuk. Anderson tried to become a playwright. but unfortunately, all his work was rejected everywhere.

Met with the King of Denmark


In the hard times that he met with the King of Denmark, Frederik VI, which attracted the young Hans appearance. King Frederick then sent Andersen to go to school. Thanks to the good king, Andersen opportunity to receive education in a language school in Slagelse and Elsinore until 1927. Before school, he had published the first volume of his work entitled The GOST at Palnatoke's Grave (1822).


In school, including students left Andersen, after all, he lived with a half-hearted. He said the school is the period during periods of dark and painful time in her life. He felt very uncomfortable being in the middle of the students who was six years younger than himself. Meilsing named principal, whose house was occupied by Andersen, called the character of this young man is very difficult sensitf and tolerated.


Luckily, graduating from language school, Andersen continued his studies at the University of Copenhagen. A director at the Royal Theater, Jonas Collin, urging him to undergo education until graduation and he is also a fund. While in college, in 1828 Hans Christian wrote a travel story titled Fodreise Holmens fra Amager af Ostpynten Til Canal (Walking distance from the Holmen Canal to the East Point of Amager).


This story received overwhelming response. Andersen worked on the story by ETA Hoffmann's writing style borrowed a German novelist. Since then, his poem "The Dying Child" was published by a literary journal in Copenhagen. In 1829, the Royal Theater also staged the musical works of Andersen.


Andersen also poured his personal story in the collection of poems entitled "og Phantasier Skisser" as they fall in love with Riborg Voigt. Unfortunately, her love is not intercepted, because she was married to another man in 1831. "I really wanted to die", he told Edvard, son Jonas Collin. At that time he was unconsciously echoing the melancholy style of Goethe in "The Sorrows of Young Werther". Although he never met Goethe, German poet Goethe was still alive even when Hans traveled to Germany.


Wander

Hans Christian Andersen went traveling abroad than Germany. Until 1833, King Frederick VI Andersen would finance the entire trip to France, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Italy and even to the Middle East.
Various visits that gave birth to a stack of travel stories. When a visit to Paris, Andersen met with Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Heinrich Heine and Balzac. In the middle of this long journey anyway, he had time to finish writing "Agnette and the Merman".

In early 1835, Andersen's first novel published with great success. As a novelist, he made a breakthrough by The Imrpvisator, works written in the same year. The story that takes place Italy inimencerminkan his own life story; describes the efforts of a poor boy into the milieu of society. Even to the end, the book The Improvisatore is the most widely read than many other works of Andersen. Since the book was published, Andersen tough times began to change. Throughout 1835, he launched seven fairy tales are arranged well in advance.


Novel and his works

To fulfill his work, Andersen gave birth to a new novel works in 1836 and 1837. Besides dozens of fairy tales that appeared in this period, the second novel, OT and Only a Fiddler. He also debated with leading filusuf Denmark, Soren Aabye Kierkegaard.
Through the book Af En Endnu Levendes papirer published in 1838, the Danish philosopher criticized depleted Andersen's novels. "The struggle of life experienced by the ominous Andersen is now repeated through his works," wrote Kierkegaard.


Andersen was soon answered criticism over his work, published in 1840 entitled En Comedie I det Gronne. He attacked Kierkegaard with a story that illustrates just how impractical the philosopher was thinking.
Despite his novels great acclaim, the name of Hans Christian Andersen in the world is looming as the author of children's fairy tales. In 1835, she launched her children's stories Tales for Children in lower-priced pocket book form. Then a collection of stories titled Fairy Tales and Story working on the 1836-1872 period.
Serial children are mostly published on Christmas Day was not just a story created by her story. Andersen also reveal the back stories of children who are often heard as a child. Throughout his life he wrote 156 stories. Of that total, 12 stories written by Danish folklore. The rest is a fictional story that was born from the fruit of his own mind.


Two of the stories are very famous tale, The Little Mermaid and The Emperor's New Clothes, in a collection of stories published in 1837. Seven other tale: Little Ugly Duckling, The Tinderbox, Little Claus and Big Claus, Princess and the Pea, The Snow Queen, The Nightingale and The Steadfast Tin Soldier, also known in various parts of the world as a fairy tale story that is often in children .
Through a variety of his work, Andersen assessed through standard fences that Denmark professed author in those days. Both styles of storytelling and story content managed include idioms and spoken language which is a new thing in the world of 'authorship' of the country. He put the message and moral values ​​in the story without patronizing at all.
Can be seen from the fairy tale The Emperor's New Clothes. Message that greed is not good by Andersen delivered a parody of the tyrant's pretty ridiculous. One other feature that stands out in the Andersen fairy tale is the presence of the poor and the disadvantaged in life.


In most of his work seemed optimistic that good will always win and reach a happy ending. Unless the story of The Little Mermaid and The Little Match Girl ended with sadness. In The Little Mermaid for example, Andersen tried to express that desire took what the dream has turned out to be fruitful of sacrifice and sorrow.

The influence of his work in the world of children's stories

Certainly, the stories of Andersen's fairy tales contain universal moral messages. Unsurprisingly, his works were later translated into no less than 147 languages ​​in the world. The fruit was hand tudak limited "lessons" for children but read by adults around the world. Although the new translation of his work first appeared in the English edition in 1846.
Not only that, H.C. Andersen cited instill a lot of influence to other story writers in Europe. Call it Charles Dickens, British author known for such works of A Christmas Carol in Prose, The Chimes, The Cricket on the Hearth, and The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain. Also in other European authors such as William Thackeray, Oscar Wilde and CS Lewis.
In the period 1840 to 1857, Andersen returned a visit to a number of Egara Europe, Turkey, and Africa and wrote an impression in the books who wrote the story of his journey. In 1855, Andersen re-write his memoirs, entitled The Fairy Tale of My Life. That's the life story of the anniversary edition, which until now considered as standard history of this legendary storyteller.


End of life

After wandering again in Paris, Andersen fell ill in the spring of 1872. some diseases undermine this skinny guy. During three years of lying helplessly in Rolighed near Copenhagen, this legendary author died on August 4, 1874. He was buried particular dipemakaman Copenhagen.
Throughout his life, HC Andersen was never married. Apparently experienced deep heartbreak author of this great love of his life after the bloody Swedish opera singer, Jenny Lind, was unrequited. In the last retreat, H.C. Andersen was only accompanied by a teacher and his friend, Jonas Collin, who is buried next to her.

Guests are shameless

During his lifetime, Hans Christian Andersen was never a home. From childhood until his death, he always lived in the house of the patron (community leaders) very rich. If not, he lived in a rented room with minimal furniture or in the hotel. But when not traveling, he would stay long in the house the people who was kind enough to invite.


But not all hosts are happy to visit Andersen. Renowned British author, Charles Dickens, for example, end up feeling disturbed by the presence of Andersen in his home. Andersen's first encounter with Dickens when he traveled to England in 1847. They both admire each other. Andersen describes, how happy he was when Dickens visited the inn.


Actually not clear how close the relationship with Dickens Andersen. But some observers refer to the character Uriah Heep in David Coperfield, one of the works of Dickens, published four years after meeting them both, written Dickens based the character of Andersen.


When Andersen's visit to Britain, a decade later, Dickens did not merely visited, he even invited Andersen lived in his house. According to the biography written by Jackie Wullschlager Andersen, Dickens visits at home is far from successful.


At that time, Dickens and his wife were in a really severe marital crisis. Their communications with Andersen was not well established. Understandably, the husband-wife Dickens did not understand the language while English Denmark Andersen is far from adequate. The result, Dickens family immediately wanted Andersen to go.


But, instead of going, Andersen would prolong his stay to be invited twice the time Dickens. "We really suffered because of Andersen," Dickens wrote in a letter to a friend. When Andersen finally left, Dickens stuck a note on the door of the room inhabited by Andersen. It says "Hans Andersen slept in this room for five weeks. But for us it for centuries."

Biography of William Shakespeare

The great English playwright and poet William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon, England. Apparently he got a decent basic education but not to stomp college. Shakespeare married at the age of eighteen (his wife twenty-six), father of three before reaching age twenty-one.

A few years later, he went to London, becomes the child stage and playwright. When reaching the age of thirty Shakespeare had already shown success. And when he stepped on his age thirty-four, he was a rich man and is considered a leading British playwright. Ten years later, he had produced great works such as Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and King Lear.

Within twenty years that have special meanings that Shakespeare lived in London, his wife remained in Stratford. Shakespeare died in the year 1616 at about 52nd birthday. He had no living descendants.

There are 38 well-known drama of Shakespeare's creations, including some small drama that probably worked with someone else. In addition, he wrote a number of 154 sonatas and three or four long poems.

Judging from the genius of Shakespeare, the results and the fame that was already granted, what a strange impression may arise because the names were not placed in sequence over the top in this book list. I put Shakespeare is so low not because I do not appreciate the power of his art, but solely because I believe that in general literary figures or artists not have a major influence in history.

Activities of religious leaders, scientists, politicians, investigators, philosophers, the pecipta more often affects the various fields of human life. For example, advances in science have a major influence on the political and economic livelihoods, and also influence the religious beliefs, the nature of philosophical and artistic development.

However, a famous painter, although he had a major influence on other painters, not have any influence on the development of music and literature, it is said also to science, or field of inquiry. The same thing applies to areas of poetry, drama and music. As a result, in general bisalah say, the influence of artists that just touches the field of art, even confined to certain parts of the art. Therefore, no figures literature, music or other art that is placed on top of the sequence stars. 30, even just a few featured in this book.

If so, why still there are also artists that includes a list? The answer is, the pleasure of art is a direct part (though not always the main part) in an individual's life. In other words, someone could provide a portion of his time listening to music, read some books, some looked at the painting and so on. Even if we spend time listening to music had no influence on our other activities (this is certainly something to be exaggerated) after all this time remains an important thing in our lives.

Of course personal an artist could have a impact on our lives more than we spend time listening to music, read a book or enjoy their work. This is because his work has influenced so much good work of other artists whose results we like.

In some ways, more or less artistic work has philosophical meaning which can affect our attitude in another problem area. This of course occurs more often in matters pertaining to literature than to music or painting. For example, in Romeo and Juliet (Act III, scene 1) Shakespeare wrote saying the prince "Mercy but murders, pardoning Those That Kill," presents a clear idea (off the people accept it or not) who has a philosophical meaning and have more political influence than , say, looking at the painting "Mona Lisa."

Shakespeare seems no doubt surpass all literary figures. Comparatively, very few people now read Chaucer, Virgil or Homer, unless their work was finished reading the provisions of the school. However, staging a Shakespeare must be welcome. Excess Shakespeare in terms of stanzas perangkuman not really tertandingkan and sentences are often cited, even by people who never once did things to see or read his play. More than that, what a true real fame is not just passing traffic. His work presents a happiness to its readers and viewers for nearly four centuries. Because of these works has been steady time-tested, it is considered appropriate that Shakespeare's fame will continue for centuries to come.

In terms of determining the significance of Shakespeare one must take into account if he never lived in the world, his plays would never have written about at all. Of course, to some extent, a similar statement can be given to each artist or literary figures. However, that factor did not seem to have any special significance in the assessment of the weight of influence on artists of small size.

Although Shakespeare wrote in English, he's really known figures seseluruh world. If instead of a very universal language, English is the most close to that size than the other languages ​​that ever existed. After all, Shakespeare's works have been translated widely and his work read and performed in various countries.

There are of course some famous writer whose work has been criticized by art critics. Shakespeare is not the case in which his work appreciated without reserve by literary experts. Playwright generations studied his work and tried to imitate as well or mengunggulinya. The combination of a very large influence on the authors and fame are not decided at the society that puts Shakespeare in the order high enough in this book list.

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE 1564-1616