Showing posts with label p. Show all posts
Showing posts with label p. Show all posts

Sunday, April 1, 2012

Sigmund Freud Biography

Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud was an Austrian of Jewish descent and the founder of psychoanalysis in psychology. He was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia, now known as part of the Czech Republic . According to Freud, the life of the soul has three levels of consciousness, which is aware (conscious), preconscious , and non-conscious (unconscious) The concept of Freud's most famous theory is about the subconscious mind which controls most of the behavioral . In addition, he also gave a statement at the outset that human behavior is based on sexuality at first desire (eros) which was initially perceived by humans as a boy from his mother.


Sexual experience of the mother, such as breastfeeding, further development or sublimes experience to bring a variety of other behaviors that are tailored to the rules of society's norms or norms father. But on his way after his colleague Alferd Adler, revealed the existence of the death instinct in man, although Freud was initially rejected claims that the Adler-out denied it, but in the end Freudpun menunggalkan align or not all there is the sexual instinct in man, but juxtaposed with the death instinct (Thanatos). However he never mentioned the origin of the theory advanced by Adler actually beginning.


Freud was interested in and learn hypnosis in France, and then use it to help people with mental illness. Freud later after he had left the hypnotist uses a new method to treat patients with psychological pressure that is free association and dream analysis. Basic method is the creation of the concept of the unconscious, free association is a method used to uncover problems that pressed by a person but continues to push out unconsciously to cause problems. While the analysis of dreams, used by Freud of his understanding that the dream is a subconscious message that the abstract of the subconscious mind, these messages contain desire, fear and other emotions variety of activities, to activities that emotion was not realized. So that dream analysis methods can be used to reveal the subliminal message or hidden problems, either in the form of desire, fear, anxiety, anger is not realized because of pressure by someone. When it issues the subconscious has been successfully said, then to the next settlement will be easier to solve.


These things are done to develop something that is now known as the "drug talk". These things become a core element of psychoanalysis. Freud was especially interested in conditions that used to be called hysteria, and is now called conversion syndrome.
Freud's theories, and how to treat patients, caused controversy in the nineteenth-century Vienna, and was fiercely debated in the present. Freud's ideas are usually discussed and analyzed as works of literature, philosophy, and general culture, as well as debate berterusan as these scientific and medical treatises.

Apart from the ongoing opposition to his ideas, it seems little doubt that Freud is a prominent figure in the history of human thought. Its opinions in the field of psychology has completely revolutionized our conception of the human mind, and lots of ideas as well as the terms have been used by the public-for example: ego, super ego, the Oedipus complex and the tendency of the desire to die.


Sure enough, psychoanalysis is a way of healing a very costly and very serious and are not managed anything. However, it is also true that the technique achieved great successes. The psychologists concluded that the future of repressed sexual desires will be increasingly important role in human behavior than Freud's notion of the adherents of the schools. But this passion is definitely a big share of the assumption in part psychologist before Freud. Similarly, the majority of psychologists now believe that the mental processes of the subconscious holds a decisive role in human behavior, something that is underrated people before Freud.

Thursday, February 2, 2012

Biography of Benazir Bhutto



Biography of Benazir Bhutto

Full Name: Benazir Bhutto
Date of Birth: June 21, 1953 Karachi, Pakistan
Died: December 27, 2007 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Nationality: Pakistan
Party Politics: Pakistan People's Party

Benazir Bhutto is the first woman to lead a Muslim state in the post-colonial. The charismatic Bhutto was elected Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988, but 20 months later, the president deposed by country's military-supported, Ghulam Ishaq Khan who controversially used the 8th Amendment to dissolve parliament and force an election. Bhutto was re-elected in 1993, but was dismissed three years later amid various corruption scandals by then president of the ruling at the time, Farooq Leghari, who also used the powers given special consideration by the 8th Amendment.


Bhutto was the eldest son of former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (who was hanged by the military government of Pakistan under exceptional circumstances) and Begum Nusrat Bhutto, who was of Kurdish Iran. Her paternal grandfather was Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto, a Sindhi and a key figure in Pakistan's independence movement.

Bhutto studied at Kindergarten Lady Jennings and then at the Convent of Jesus and Mary in Karachi. After two years of study at the Rawalpindi Presentation Convent, she was sent to the Jesus and Mary Convent at Murree. She passed her O-level examinations (in the British education system, the equivalent of high school grade 1). In April 1969, he was accepted at Radcliffe College, Harvard University. In June 1973, Benazir graduated from Harvard with a degree in political science. He was also elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He then attended Oxford University in the fall of 1973 and graduated with a Master's Degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. She was elected President of the prestigious Oxford Union.

After completing his university education, Bhutto returned to Pakistan, but because his father was imprisoned and later executed, he was placed under house arrest. After being allowed to return to England in 1984, he became the leader of Pakistan People's Party (PPP), the party his father, in exile, but he could not make his political power can be felt in Pakistan until the death of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.

November 16, 1988, in a first open election in more than ten years, Bhutto, PPP, managed to get number of seats in the National Assembly. Bhutto was sworn in as Prime Minister of a coalition government on December 2, 1988 and by the age of 35 he became the youngest person and first woman to lead a country with a Muslim majority people in modern times.

After being dismissed by the president of Pakistan at that time on corruption charges, Bhutto's party lost the general elections held in October. He became leader of the opposition while Nawaz Sharif became prime minister during the next three years. When elections were held again in October 1993, which was won by a coalition of the PPP, Bhutto returning to the office until 1996, when the government once again disbanded on charges of corruption.

Bhutto was accused of corruption but later cleared his name. He is also accused of money laundering countries in Swiss banks, in a case that still remain in the Swiss courts. Her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, languished for eight years in prison, although he was never convicted. He was placed in a separate detention and torture claims. Groups of human rights also claimed that Zardari's rights have been violated. Former prime minister Nawaz Sharif has recently apologized for his involvement in the prolonged detention of Zardari and the cases filed against Bhutto. Zardari was released in November 2004.

Benazir since 1999 lived in exile in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and there he was caring for the child and his mother who suffered from Alzheimer's disease. He also travels the world to give lectures and keep links with Pakistan People's Party supporters.

Bhutto and three children (Bilawal, Bakhtawar, and Asifa) were reunited with her husband and their father in December 2004 after more than five years apart. Bhutto has vowed to return to Pakistan and run again as prime minister in elections that are scheduled in November 2007. Dated October 18, 2007, he returned to Pakistan to prepare themselves facing elections. On the way to a meeting, two bombs exploded near a group that carries it. Bhutto survived, but at least 126 people were killed in the incident.

Bios:

Born: Karachi, Pakistan, June 21, 1953

Occupation: Former Prime Minister of Pakistan

Party Politics: Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)

Father: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Husband: Asif Ali Zardari

Children:

* Bilawal
* Bakhtawar
* Asifa

Education:

* Kindergartens Lady Jennings
* Convent of Jesus and Mary in Karachi
* Rawalpindi Presentation Convent
* Jesus and Mary Convent at Murree
* Degree in Political Science from Radcliffe College at Harvard University (April 1969 - June 1973)
* Masters Degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from Oxford University (Graduated 1973)

Career:

* The leader of Pakistan People's Party (PPP, 1984)
* Prime Minister of Pakistan (December 2, 1988 - August 6, 1990 and 18 July 1993-5 November 1996)

Book:

* Benazir Bhutto, Foreign Policy in Perspective (1978)
* Benazir Bhutto, The Way Out: Interviews, Impressions, Statements, and Messages, Mahmood Publications (1988)
* Benazir Bhutto, Daughter of the East, Hamish Hamilton (1989)
* Benazir Bhutto, Daughter of Destiny, Simon and Schuster (1989)
* Benazir Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto Defends Herself, Rhotas Books (1990)
* Benazir Bhutto, Issues in Pakistan, Jang Publishers (1993)

Biography of Leonardo


Biography of Leonardo
Leonardo is a name familiar to football fans. In his famous 1994 World Cup as one of the retainer of the Brazilian national team is reaping success as the champion of all four titles at the same time for Brazil.


Leonardo's name is now shining again since becoming a savior in the arena of competition inter milan italian series A and stage champions league 20010/2011. Like most other football coach, Leonardo began his career as a professional football player who has crossed the globe from the Americas to Europe. Leo is now positioned as Inter coach since December 24, 2010 to replace Rafael Benítez is considered less than satisfactory performance of Inter Milan. This makes the feud between Milan and Inter will be more heat since Leonardo is a living legend AC Milan.

Leonardo Bios:


Full name:Leonardo Nascimento de Araújo
Date of birth: 5 September 1969
Template birth: Niterói, Brazil
Playing position: Midfielder attacking left-back
Career as a player:
Flamengo 1987-1990
1990-1991 São Paulo
Valencia 1991-1993
1993-1994 São Paulo
Kashima Antlers 1994-1996
1996-1997 Paris St. Germain
Milan 1997-2001
2001-2002 São Paulo
2002 Flamengo
Milan 2002-2003
National team career: 1990-2001 Brazil
Career Coach: 2009-2010 AC Milan, 2010 - Inter Milan