Dolley Madison - First Lady of the United States

Dolley Payne Todd Madison was the spouse of the 4th President of the United States, James Madison, and was First Lady of the United States from 1809 to 1817. She also irregularly acted as First Lady during the administration of Thomas Jefferson, fulfilling the ceremonial functions more generally associated with the President's wife, since Jefferson was a widower. Payne Todd was unable to manage the plantation successfully due to alcoholism and resultant illness. Madison tried to raise money by selling the relax of James' papers. Unable to discover a buyer for the papers, she sold the whole land to pay off excellent debts. Paul Jennings later recalled, "In the last days of her life, before Congress purchased her husband's papers, she was in a state of absolute poverty, and I think occasionally suffered for the necessaries of life.

While I was a servant to Mr. Webster, he often sent me to her with a market-basket full of provisions, and told me whenever I saw everything in the house that I thought she was in need of, to take it to her. I often did this, and infrequently gave her small sums from my own pocket, though I had years before bought my freedom of her." In 1848, Congress approved to buy the rest of James Madison's papers for the sum of $22,000 or $25,000. In 1842, she attached St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square in Washington, D.C. This church was also attend by members of the Madison and Payne families. Dolley Madison died at her home in Washington, DC at the age of 81. She was initial interred in the Congressional Cemetery, Washington, DC., but later re-interred at Montpelier land, Orange, Virginia. 

Date Of Birth	May 20, 1768
Place Of Birth	Guilford County, North Carolina
Spouse(s)	John Todd, James Madison
Occupation	First Lady of the United States of America
Date Of Died	July 12, 1849
Place Of Died	Washington, D.C.

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Mount Rushmore - ameriacn presidents sculpture

Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture engraved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore near Keystone, South Dakota, in the United States. Sculpted by Gutzon Borglum and later on by his son Lincoln Borglum, Mount Rushmore features 60-foot sculpture of the heads of former United States presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln. The whole memorial covers 1,278.45 acres and is 5,725 feet above sea level. Borglum decisive the sculpture should have a further national focus, and chose the four presidents whose likenesses would be carved into the mountain.

After securing federal funding, building on the memorial began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were finished between 1934 and 1939. Upon Gutzon Borglum's death in March 1941, his son Lincoln Borglum took more construction. Though the primary concept called for each president to be depicted from head to waist, lack of funding enforced construction to end in October 1941. The U.S. National Park Service took control of the memorial in 1933, while it was still in construction, and control the memorial to the present day. It attracts around two million people annually.

Location	Pennington County, South Dakota, U.S.
Nearest city	Keystone, South Dakota
Area	1,278.45 acres
Established	March 3, 1925
Visitors	14,757,971

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was born April 13, 1743. He was the third President of the United States and the principal author of the statement of Independence. Jefferson was one of the most powerful Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great "Empire of Liberty" that would endorse republicanism and counter the imperialism of the British Empire.

Major events during his government include the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition , as well as rising tensions with together Britain and France that led to war with Britain in 1812, after he left office. As a political philosopher, Jefferson was a man of the Enlightenment and knew several intellectual leaders in Britain and France. He idealized the independent yeoman farmer as example of republican virtues, distrusted cities and financiers, and preferential states' rights and a strictly limited federal government.

Jefferson supported the division of church and state and was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. He was the eponym of Jeffersonian equality and the cofounder and head of the Democratic-Republican Party, which dominated American politics for 25 years. Jefferson served as the war Governor of Virginia, first United States Secretary of State, and second Vice President of the United States. He was dead on July 4, 1826.

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